Note: to find the most accurate predictions, you’ll want to use the most updated data available. These numbers can both be found on the major stock market indexes. To find dividend yield, you’ll need to start by identifying two important figures first: annual dividend per share and current share price. In addition to finding a stock’s dividend yield, you may also want to consider some other variables and sources before making any investment decision-more on that a little later on. Why does it matter? By comparing a company’s annual dividend share with the individual cost per share, investors can estimate their profit margins, and thereby, make more informed investment decisions.Īlthough calculating dividend yield can arm investors with essential information, it’s important to note that historical trends don’t always indicate future performance. ![]() Definition of Dividend Yieldĭividend yield is the metric that can be used to help dividend investors anticipate how much a company pays out to shareholders in the form of dividends on an annual basis, compared to the current price of their shares. Dividends are typically based on the company’s profit and performance throughout the year, and are generally paid out quarterly. Dividends can be earned from stock across a myriad of industries, including, real estate investments and consumer staples. Dividends are payments that companies make out to their shareholders for owning stock in their organization. ![]() Use the links below to navigate ahead, or read end to end for a more detailed overview of the topic.īefore we define and learn how to calculate dividend yield, let’s make sure we’re all on the same page about dividends. While defining “ In this post, we’ll explain what dividend yield means, why it matters, and show you how to use the dividend yield formula. Whether you’re a seasoned investor or are just getting started, chances are you come across one investing term more often than others: dividend yield.
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![]() The difference between decaf and regular coffee is that decaf has been stripped of the caffeine that makes up the majority of its content. What is the Difference Between Decaf and Regular Coffee? If under medication or have caffeine sensitivity, it may be best not to drink coffee and decaffeinated coffee blends. ![]() Also, the FDA recommends that adults limit methyl chloride concentration in decaf coffee to no more than 10 ppm (parts per million). The result is a brew containing about 6 mg of caffeine for every 8oz serving.Īre you trying to avoid caffeine? If you have any concerns, it would be best to get your doctor's opinion on drinking decaf coffee. Well, decaf coffee has 97% of its caffeine content stripped off. When you are trying to reduce your caffeine intake, it is worth asking if decaf coffee is caffeine free. The decaffeination method directly impacts the taste and smell of your cup of Joe, and you may notice a color change, while the taste and smell may become milder.Īfter harvesting green coffee beans and drying the beans, decaffeinating coffee begins with soaking unroasted coffee beans in water and other chemicals. What about espresso ? You may be wondering how much caffeine in decaf Starbucks espresso contains well, 1 oz decaf espresso contains between 4 mg of caffeine per shot. The two examples show that decaf coffee contains some bit of caffeine as it is impossible to remove all caffeine from coffee beans without affecting their flavor and other components. This is much lower than 65 to 115 mg in caffeinated coffee because decaffeination removes 97% of caffeine.Ī 236 ml cup of decaf coffee contains 7 mg of caffeine, while a regular cup of coffee contains 70-40 mg. Carbon dioxide acts as a solvent and dissolves the caffeine from the coffee beans.ĭepending on the brew method and coffee types, you may see a cup of decaf containing 2 to 3 mg of caffeine. In this process, presoaked coffee beans are placed in an extraction vessel, and the extractor is filled with CO2 at a pressure of 1000 pounds per Square inch. To decaffeinate using the CO2 process, coffee is placed in a CO2 chamber where CO2 absorbs the caffeine in the beans. However, it is important to remember that other components, such as oils and other flavor elements, are extracted through this method. Using Ethyl Acetate is considered a "natural" process because ethyl acetate occurs naturally in nature and helps ripen fruits such as apples. This process entails soaking green coffee beans in near-boiling water for about 10 hours. Using Ethyl Acetate or Methylene Chloride ProcessĪnother way to decaffeinate coffee is to dissolve caffeine content in beans by using ethyl acetate or methyl chloride. The Swiss Water Process is a great decaffeination method that relies on osmosis to remove caffeine from green coffee beans.Ģ. Then caffeine is passed through a charcoal filter, which will be trapped in the filters as other flavor compounds pass through.Ĭaffeine is then flashed out with pure mountain water. In the Swiss Water Process of decaffeinating coffee, green coffee beans are soaked in hot water to dissolve the caffeine. The most commonly used processes are the Swiss Water Process, Carbon Dioxide process, and using chemicals such as methylene chloride and ethyl acetate, There are several ways to remove caffeine from coffee beans. ![]() Wondering if the decaffeination process is safe? Yes, it is! After the decaffeination process has taken place, the coffee beans are washed, steamed, and roasted at temperatures that ensure all the chemicals used evaporate. The additional chemicals we will discuss help minimize the loss of non caffeine compounds to preserve coffee's distinctive flavor, so you can still enjoy your decaf coffee like it is caffeinated. During the decaffeination process, additional chemicals are used to help in speeding up the process. To know more about what decaf coffee is, how it is made, how much caffeine is in a decaf cup of Joe, its possible side effects, and the different decaffeination processes, read along! What is Decaf Coffee?ĭecaf coffee is the short form of decaffeinated coffee and is coffee that has been processed to remove at least 97% of its caffeine content.įor coffee to truly be decaffeinated, the caffeine content should have a maximum of 0.1 grams for every 100 grams of green beans. It is also the best alternative as it tastes, smells, and looks the same as regular coffee.Īlthough decaf coffee has been stripped of its caffeine content, it is not caffeine-free but has a reduced amount of caffeine. Its popularity is due to it being a great coffee alternative for those sensitive to coffee or those trying to reduce their coffee consumption. Decaffeinated coffee has gained popularity among coffee drinkers. ![]() They are stronger than butt joints because there is a greater surface area where the two wood pieces meet, but they still require both glue and mechanical fasteners to stay in place. ![]() Miter joints are commonly used at the visible, outside corners of door, window, and picture frames. For example, if you want to build an octagonal-shaped structure, then you would cut each miter to 22.5 degrees. While the most common miter joints are made of 45-degree angles, miter butt joints can be cut at any range of angles. In the term “miter joint,” it refers to two 45-degree angled cuts where the pieces of wood adjoin to create a 90-degree angle. “Miter” is another word for an angled cut-and the saw that makes the cut. Tip: While the basic butt joint is a workhorse and not a show pony, countersinking nails or screws can make it more attractive. In construction projects, butt joints may be found around baseboards and window trims, and they are an easy option when speed of construction matters more than looks. Unlike other wood joints, the two pieces are not shaped or carved to lock into each other, and mechanical fasteners are typically used to hold them together. Two different wood pieces simply sit side by side, with the butt of one workpiece adjacent to the butt of another workpiece. ![]() Butt jointĪ butt joint is the most basic type of wood joint. $75.00 USD | 1H 58M Preview Course 12 Common wood joint typesĪny project made of wood, from the frame of a house to a small cabinet, will soon run into a challenge-how do you connect or join two pieces of wood to form a larger structure? Here is a look at 12 different types of wood joints and when to use each type to get the best result for your project. ![]() In this expression, gaff may refer to the steel spurs worn by fighting cocks, or it may derive from a Scottish term for noisy and abusive language. Stand the gaff To endure punishment, criticism, or ridicule to sustain one-self through a period of stress or hardship to keep one’s chin up. Look through examples of endurance translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. ![]() This common metaphor obviously owes its origin to pugilism. Check 'endurance' translations into Spanish. Roll with the punches To endure with equanimity, not to be thrown by the blows of fate to be resilient, bending slightly under pressure then bouncing back to have the balanced perspective that comes of experiencing hardship. It is analogous to other phrases describing rituals such as take a deep breath and grit your teeth, which refer to preparing one-self or pulling one-self together in order to experience or do something unpleasant. (Rudyard Kipling, The Light that Failed, 1891) By 1891, the phrase was used figuratively.īite on the bullet, old man, and don’t let them think you’re afraid. patient endurance Translation Translated by Show more translations Word-by-word Examples Random Word Roll the dice and learn a new word now Get a Word Want to Learn Spanish Spanish learning for everyone. This practice preceded the first use of anesthesia (in the U.S.) in 1844. This phrase derives from the supposed practice of giving a wounded soldier a bullet to bite on to channel his reaction to intense pain. ![]() Bite the bullet To suffer pain without expressing fear to grit one’s teeth and do what has to be done. That is enough to start a trend and get others to try it.Īll three of the Blueprint Cleanse levels have the same price of $65 a day. There are celebrities that have stated that they slimmed down for a role because of juice cleansing. ![]() The hype comes from juice cleanses being all the rage right now. They have it set up so that when you first wake up you are drinking the right juice for the state that your body is in upon first arising. The concept is that by following the numbers on the bottles you are drinking a particular juice at the right time of the day so that your body can absorb what’s in it best. The reason they call it a blueprint is because the bottles are numbered 1 through 6 and as you move through your day you simply drink the bottles according to the number, starting with one and going to two and so forth. They also claim they are the best, since there are many other juice companies going on and on about how great their juice tastes. The makers of the Bluepring Cleanse claim that they were the original, since there have been so many juice detox diet programs hitting the market lately. From a dieting and weight loss view you’re greatly reducing the number of calories that you’re consuming, and are basically fasting but still getting essential vitamins and mineras. It resonates on a few different levels because you’re stopping the intake of potentially harmful food and flooding your body with nutrient-rich juices. ![]() Juice fasting or cleansing or detoxing is the process of replacing food with juice for a set number of days. ![]() It’s trendy, it’s chic, it’s the new way to drop pounds quick and clean out your system, but does it actually work? The Blueprint Cleanse is a juice diet that supplies you with everything you need to complete the program, all in specially numbered bottles. Motorola may not be the first name that comes to mind when you think networking equipment, but their first entry into Gigabit compatible hardware competes closely with established players in this market. If you are looking for a gigabit-compatible modem-router combo to fully upgrade your home wireless network, then the Nighthawk C7800 is a surefire way to reach the max speeds available in your neighborhood.Ĭompatible services: Comcast Xfinity, Coxįind more Netgear Nighthawk C7800 Modem-Router Combo information and reviews here. Netgear finally appears to be ditching the edgy gamer gear look for their routers, instead focusing on making them compact and innocuous. The C7800 has a useful LED display to show the status of different components and is overall fairly compact. It supports OFDM, a digital data encoding method that reduces latency in DOCSIS 3.1 devices. ![]() The modem has four gigabit ethernet ports, but this device does not support link aggregation, so you won’t be able to bundle them for multi-gig wired signals. That said, I like future-proofing, which is why all of my home PCs have a Wi-Fi 6 wireless adapter in them now. But, again, most ISPs can only support 1 Gbps, so this is all only future-proofing. The built-in router can only support 3.2 Gbps. The modem can theoretically pass through a max upstream of about 6 Gbps on its own. The only setting that was completely absent was a Quality of Service mode to prioritize certain traffic.Īnd while both the modem and the router are powerful enough to handle the highest throughput available through cable Internet, it’s worth noting that the built-in router isn’t quite as powerful as the modem. Its range is fairly solid and it has a mostly complete feature set. To touch quickly on the router’s specs, the C7800 has a dual-band AC3200 router that delivers speed in excess of 1 Gbps on both a 2.4 GHz and a 5 GHz band. The Nighthawk C7800 is comparable to Netgear’s Nighthawk CM1200 router, so if you already have some beefy Netgear tri-band router, then the CM1200 is the better value purchase. While we typically recommend purchasing a separate modem and router for ease of troubleshooting, this combo unit is an easy option for those looking to fully upgrade their network to the latest standards. The Nighthawk C7800 is Netgear’s first DOCSIS 3.1-compatible modem-router combo. Netgear Nighthawk C7800 Modem-Router Combo And without having to rent any gear.Ĭompatible services: Xfinity, Cox, Spectrum, Charter, Time Warner, Brighthouseįind more Arris SURFboard SB8200 information and reviews here. ![]() Once paired with a Gigabit router, will allow you access to the fastest consumer Internet speeds around. This issue aside, the SB8200 is definitely one of the best DOCSIS 3.1 modems, and that’s not even because of how few there are. The modem runs a little hot, though this can be alleviated by placing it somewhere on a desk, where it will get better airflow. Setup is assisted by a simple LED display that provides indicators for power, receive, send, and Internet. As usual, the hardest part will be getting ahold of a representative to return your rented equipment. Setting up this modem is as easy as the next. Compatible ISPs include Xfinity, Cox, Spectrum, Charter, Time Warner, and Brighthouse. This can be easily enabled with a future firmware update, but until then, the device is only capable of 1 Gbps. Unfortunately, and to no fault of this router, link aggregation is not currently supported by any of the ISPs it is compatible with. The modem supports link aggregation, allowing you to connect both ethernet ports to one source to achieve the aforementioned 2 Gbps transfer speeds. ![]() With max download and upload speeds of 2 Gbps each, the SB8200 can handle any Internet plan for years to come (save for experimental 5-gig and 10-gig plans). Before DOCSIS, the efforts of cable companies to provide internet access were fragmented and based on non-interoperable communication standards which was problematic for both the companies and consumers alike.Arris networking gear like the Arris SB8200 comes recommended by pretty much every ISP out there, making them the default pick for most setups. The development and standardization of DOCSIS made it possible for cable TV providers to expand from simple one-way delivery of scheduled and on-demand programming into major players in the Internet Service Provider (ISP) space. What's the Difference Between DOCSIS Versions?ĭOCSIS 3.1 Is Necessary for Gigabit Cable Packagesĭata Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) is a telecommunications standard developed in the 1990s by the non-profit cable research consortium CableLabs to facilitate high-speed data transfer over existing coaxial cable infrastructure (CATV). ![]() Screen damages will be reviewed on a case by case basis to determine the actual damage done to any screens, including user error. DiabloSport’s liability under this warranty shall be limited to the correction or replacement of any defective part or product in question which DiabloSport determines to be necessary.Ĭ. DiabloSport offers a 30 day satisfaction guarantee on inTune as well as a one year warranty against defects in materials or workmanship.ī. They are NOT for use with superchargers, turbochargers, or nitrous systems which require proper custom tunes from a DiabloSport CMR dealer.Ī. InTune Tuning: DiabloSport Performance tunes are designed for stock to mildly modified applications. Do not unplug the inTune while it is installing any tune or the Original Backup for ANY reason.Do not try to install any tune on a vehicle with a low battery voltage - charge your battery if necessary.Please remove or turn such devices off while tuning the vehicle. ![]() Certain cellular phones or radio equipment might cause interference.Please contact DiabloSport if you are uncertain about the effect of devices that are installed on your vehicle. Ensure that there are no electronic aftermarket accessories wired or plugged into the vehicle that can cause a substantial voltage drop. Do not activate any electrical accessories while installing the DiabloSport Performance Tune.Always have all the doors closed while installing any tune and keep them closed until the process is complete.The vehicle must be parked and engine OFF.Do not perform any tuning or flashing operations with your inTune while the vehicle is running.Remove inTune from temperatures in excess of 158 degrees or lower than 32 degrees Fahrenheit.Refrain from using metal items such as keys or pens to touch the screen.This touchscreen is a resistive type of screen and operates based on pressure. Screen Note: Resistive vs Capacitive touchscreens. Aftermarket TV or DVD Players and Speaker Amplifiers.Important Note: Make sure to remove, disable, or disconnect any of the following (including fuses if applicable due to possible power draw): ANY AND ALL COSTS RELATED TO SUCH ACTIONS ARE THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE END USERNOT DIABLOSPORT OR ITS DEALERS 00 IMPORTANT: IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO CONTACT THE VEHICLE MANUFACTURER SHOULD SUCHĮRRORS OCCUR. (800)-531-5484 to speak with DiabloSport Tech Support. Please feel free to contact DiabloSport directly at any time with questions related to this process. Please attempt to locate the voltage draw before inTune is used again. The vehicle is now in its original state. The tool will recognize that an interrupted writing error has occurred and will automatically install the original backup. In the event of such an occurrence, unplug the tool, wait 5 seconds and then plug it back in. Please disconnect or disable any such add on part. DiabloSport recommends the use of a dyno and wide band oxygen sensor to monitor data when adding aftermarket products to make the proper tune changes.Īny change in voltage during flash programming procedures WILL interrupt the writing process. Customers with these modifications may need a custom tune from a DiabloSport CMR dealer. It is impossible to test every possible product so please proceed with caution when using any product related to adding airflow like throttle bodies, filters and cold air intake kits or boost in the form of pulleys, or blower upgrades, changes in exhaust systems or exhaust components. As always with DiabloSportthese online updates are free of charge for the life of the product.ĪFTERMARKET PARTS - Use of the DiabloSport inTune with aftermarket products is at the owners risk some aftermarket products create rich or lean conditions based on design by the product’s manufacturer. Your new DiabloSport inTune should already be updated to the most recent revision but due to changing technology we recommend plugging the inTune into your computer and run the auto update software. Welcome to the DiableSport Family and the future of tuning. With proper care this inTune will last for years and is compatible with DiabloSport’s “Free Online Updates for Life” program (Product Life). We hope you enjoy your new purchase as much as we did making it. All products are individually inspected and each inTune is tested to ensure top quality. We do not batch test like our competition. The inTune you just purchased contains the latest technology, cutting edge software, evolutionary vehicle protocol communication and the most powerful/safest tuning available all brought to you by DiabloSport-the tuning name you can trust! Quality is number one for us which is why we design, engineer, and manufacture everything right here in Sunny South Florida, USA. ![]() The Beatles being a democracy, we didn’t do it.”Īn additional factor behind the scrapping of the song was a technical defect in the original recording, which featured a persistent buzz from the electricity circuits in Lennon’s apartment. “It didn’t have a very good title, it needed a bit of reworking, but it had a beautiful verse and it had John singing it,” he told Q Magazine. McCartney later revealed the song was shelved because George Harrison had called it “fucking rubbish” and refused to work on it. We did the backing track, a rough go that we really didn’t finish,” Lynne recalled. “The song had a chorus but is almost totally lacking in verses. Producer Jeff Lynne, who cleaned up the reunion songs, said the band were “messing with it” during the course of one afternoon. The three surviving band members released two of the songs from Lennon’s cassettes – Free As A Bird and Real Love – marking the band’s first “new” material in 25 years.īut though they also attempted to record Now and Then, the session was quickly abandoned. Now and Then was previously considered a possible reunion song for the Beatles in 1995, when they were compiling their career-spanning Anthology series. Then we can mix the record, as you would normally do. “So when we came to make what will be the last Beatles record, it was a demo that John had and we were able to take John’s voice and get it pure through this AI. They tell the machine: ‘That’s the voice. ![]() “We had John’s voice and a piano and he could separate them with AI. “ was able to extricate John’s voice from a ropey little bit of cassette,” McCartney said. It was this process that allowed McCartney to “duet” with Lennon on his recent tour, including at last year’s Glastonbury festival, and for new surround-sound mixes of the Beatles’ Revolver album last year. For the documentary, dialogue editor Emile de la Rey used custom-made AI to recognise the Beatles’ voices and separate them from background noise. The idea to use AI to reconstruct the demo came from Peter Jackson’s eight-hour epic, Get Back. The lyrics, which begin “I know it’s true, it’s all because of you / And if I make it through, it’s all because of you”, are typical of the apologetic love songs Lennon wrote in the latter part of his career. It was largely recorded on to a boombox as Lennon sat at a piano in his New York apartment. The demo was one of several songs on cassettes labelled “For Paul” that Lennon made shortly before his death in 1980, which were later given to McCartney by Lennon’s widow, Yoko Ono. Though McCartney did not name the song, it is likely to be a 1978 Lennon composition called Now and Then. It does not store any personal data.“We just finished it up and it’ll be released this year,” he told the Radio 4 Today programme on Tuesday. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. ![]() Prime Minister Modi shakes hands with Vice President Harris. They were dropped off in a city where temperatures had fallen to 18 degrees. 53696 talking about this 2124702 were here. her team would keep them informed about White House plans moving forward. The Second Floor quarters occupied by President Abraham Lincoln and his family were used much as they had been during the 1850s. The government also plans to build MPs' chambers that will come up on the land where the Transport Bhawan and Shram Shakti Bhawan are located. Adapted from the federal employee retreat Hi-Catoctin, President Franklin Roosevelt originally established the residence as USS Shangri La, modeling the new main lodge after the Roosevelt winter. Buses carried migrants from Texas to the residence of the vice president in Washington. Manufacturing Strategy Planning Division, SCM Division, Global BCP Management. Heyward met Vice President Kamala Harris in a private White House meeting. The North and South Blocks are likely to reflect the history of India and its struggle for Independence. The Vice President’s Residence & Office is located on the. Under the Central Vista redevelopment project, the North and South blocks, which symbolise the government authority since their inception in Lutyens' Delhi, will be converted into national museums. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building is located next to the West Wing and houses the majority of offices for White House staff. Shastri Bhawan, Udyog Bhawan, Nirman Bhawan and Rail Bhawan are among other buildings that are likely to be demolished to build the Common Central Secretariat. According to the housing ministry, Rs 1,000 crore is annually spent on rent for various government offices and Common Central Secretariat will save the amount. Under the Common Central Secretariat, the government plans to construct 10 buildings that will house ministries and other offices. The CPWD has set a deadline of two-and-half years for the completion of these buildings. It won the bid in October 2021 by quoting Rs 3,142 crore. Larsen & Toubro is also constructing the first three buildings of the Common Central Secretariat. India House will be used as a conference facility like the Hyderabad House where high-level talks, especially with top visiting leaders of various countries, are currently held. The Executive Enclave will come up on the south side of the South Block. ![]() While it’s common knowledge that the president of the United States resides in the White House, fewer people may be aware that the vice president has his own, smaller white brick house, that’s still stunning. The company was awarded the tender in November last year and the project is slated to be completed in 24 months. by Brenda Nyawara Updated on 12 April 2023 Get the 3-minute weekly newsletter keeping 5K+ designers in the loop. Infrastructure firm Larsen & Toubro Limited is constructing the Executive Enclave housing the PMO, cabinet secretariat, India House and the National Security Council Secretariat at an estimated cost of Rs 1,189 crore. ![]() ![]() An exception to this rule is the Hoeppler viscometer, a falling-ball instrument which states an inclination angle of exactly 80°. If the inclination angle exceeds 80°, the instrument in question is a falling-ball viscometer. These three principal forces determine the viscosity equation:ĭevices operating at inclination angles between 10° and 80° are usually defined as rolling-ball viscometers. It follows that for identical inclination angles the rolling time increases with the viscosity of the sample. As opposing forces, the buoyancy inside the sample and the viscous forces of the liquid slow the ball down. A portion of the gravitational force, which depends on the angle, drives the ball downwards. Other forces than the ones named above are negligible, provided there is laminar flow. A too steep angle results in a too high speed of the ball, which leads to turbulent flow conditions and faulty results. The inclination angle of the capillary allows for adjusting the driving force. The time it takes the ball to descend a defined distance within the fluid is directly related to the fluid’s viscosity. A preset angle determines the inclination of the capillary. Gravity acts as the driving force.Ī ball of known dimensions rolls or falls through a closed capillary, which contains the sample liquid. Ī falling-ball / rolling-ball viscometer does not measure a liquid’s flow time, but the rolling or falling time of a ball. For example, pressurized air or an inert gas such as technical nitrogen is employed. The sample under test can be in direct contact with the driving gas, or via a flexible membrane. The dimensions of the capillary show that this kind of apparatus is designed for medium- to low-viscosity substances: mineral oils, paper coatings, and dispersions, and for polymer solutions used to produce synthetic fibers on spinning machines. Shear stress values, however, do not exceed the medium range (a typical value would be 25 kPa). ![]() This method can operate in a shear rate range up to 1,000,000 s -1. Gas forces the sample through the capillary at a preset pressure. The inner diameter lies between 0.2 mm and 1 mm, while the length ranges from 30 mm to 90 mm. These devices feature a glass or steel capillary of exact inner diameter and length. Capillary viscometers utilizing gas pressure Typical applications are highly viscous substances, such as polymer melts, and also PVC plastisols, greases, sealants, adhesives, and ceramic masses. However, the weight is replaced by a driving motor, which realizes high shear stress values (up to 900 kPa) and medium to high shear rates (around 1,500 s -1). Such a viscometer works in the same way as a weight-driven instrument (see the above section). High-pressure capillary viscometers with electric drive In such devices, the polymer sample is exposed to medium shear stresses (from 3 kPa to 200 kPa) and medium shear rates (from 2 s -1 to 200 s -1). ISO 1133 states the dimensions of cylinder, piston, and die as well as the approved weight pieces. capillary) at the bottom of the cylinder. The sample then has to pass through an extrusion die (i.e. The steel piston glides down inside a vertical steel cylinder, which contains the sample. Ī defined weight on top of a piston is pulled down by gravity. Consequently, such an instrument is also named MFR or MVR tester. These parameters help to assess the quality of the melt and to predict its behavior when processing it. The device returns the MFR (melt mass flow rate) in or the MVR (melt volume flow rate) in. This type of instrument plays a major role in checking polymer melts. |
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